The Criminalisation of Indian Politics Scheme of the Essay Exposition: An example of criminals in politics. Rising Action: Election Commissioner’s efforts to cleanse politics. Climax: (1) Lust for power makes the politicians get help from criminals. (2) As the real spirit of democracy is missing there is a nexus between the politicians and criminals. (3) Criminals are feared and respected (4) Politicians survive because of criminals (5) The Election Commission should...

“Heritage of the Vedas and Upanishads should find a place in Indian educational curriculum.” Scheme of the Essay Exposition: The minister had to withdraw the recommendations regarding the content of education. Rising Action: The Supreme Court said in its judgement that Hindutva is a way of life and not religion. Climax: (1) The heritage of Vedas and Upanishad should find a place in education because (a) we are ignorant of our...

Regionalism in India Scheme of the Essay Exposition: Regionalism lies in the minds of the people. Rising Action: The reorganisation of states in 1956 did not satisfy people. Climax: (1) There are advocates of regionalism: they give too much importance to the sons of the soil. (2) It can lead to bloody agitations. (3) There are regions and sub-regions in India and so are their interests. Uniformity is not possible but...

Casteism in Indian Politics Scheme of the Essay Exposition: Casteism is the misuse of caste for political gains. Rising Action: Caste plays an important role in politics, employment, elections, and party formations. Climax: It has harmful effects (1) affects the working of democratic politics. (2) Caste groups become interest groups. (3) Landed jatis deny constitutional rights to other Jatis, (4) Vitiate the election atmosphere. (5) It originated as a division of...

Panchayati Raj Scheme of the Essay Exposition: A panchayat is an institution of self-government. Rising Action: Local government reforms initiated by the 72nd and 73rd constitutional amendments. Climax: (1) Panchayat’s functions cover 29 subjects. (2) Major initiatives for local self-government came from the central govt. (3) Hold of state bureaucracy over local govt. will weaken after reforms. (4) States have agreed to amend laws for strengthening Panchayati Raj. (5) States agreed...

Interest and Pressure Groups Scheme of the Essay Exposition: There are many organised groups in liberal democracies. Rising Action: Definitions of Interest and Pressure groups. Climax: (1) Factors on which the working of interest groups depend. (2) Political culture determines the working of interest groups. (3) The nature of the problem also determines their stand. (4) Organisational factors influence their work. Ending: The interest groups having financial backing are most effective....

Public Opinion Scheme of the Essay Exposition: Definitions. Rising Action: Analysis of the definition. Climax: (1) Public opinion helps in the successful working of democracy, (2) Public opinion guides the ruling party. (3) It checks dictatorial tendencies. (4) Protects the rights of citizens. (5) Strengthens the government. (6) Shaping influences on public opinion. (7) Hindrances in developing Public Opinion. Ending: Public opinion must be organised. According to Bryce, “Public opinion is...

Need for Reforming Indian Administrative System Scheme of The Essay Exposition: After structural reforms in India in 1991 no thought has been given to administrative reforms. Rising Action: During the last fifty years the situation in two areas- the political and administrative system has worsened. Climax: (1) The system failed to come close to the changing needs. (2) The selection system for IAS has deteriorated. (3) There is a need for...