Essay on “Second Green Revolution” Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.
Second Green Revolution
The first green revolution doubled food grain production. This revolution was brought by hybrid varieties of seeds and use of fertilizers and pesticides. Punjab and Haryana States took full use of the new farm technology. Slowly after years this revolution extended upto Bihar, U.P., and Madhya Pradesh with little benefit. The excessive use of pesticide left residue in grains, fruits or vegetables and thus public health was affected. In many countries, consumers have opted for organic foods. This demand indicates that agriculture is to be commercialized.
In 1998-99, the production will be only about a million tones more than production in 1997-98. It can not match our future needs. We have to produce more not only because our population is increasing rapidly but also because agriculture has a good export market. India can be a food factory for the world. For this, we need a SECOND GREEN REVOLUTION. It should be founded on commercialization of agriculture. There should be an introduction of biotechnology for commercial use in agriculture. Then it would be possible to double food grain production. The first green revolution took thirty years in covering the whole India but as regards second green revolution we can hope for results in less than 10 years as a whole.
The need of second green revolution can be recognized when we compare Indian production with other countries’ production. For instance, China produces 6060 kg rice per hectare while we produce 2810 kg rice per acre. As regards wheat, we produce 2500 kg while in China we find 3800 kg per hectare. This gap can be made up if commercialization of agriculture is introduced to increase productivity. In spite of improvement through first green revolution, our production is less than the world average production.
For achieving our target, Agriculture has to be run like a business. We should turn the farm into a factory with inputs like seeds, water, fertilizers etc. of right quality using them at right time and in right quantities. For this, farmers can form companies to contribute their lands with knowledge of biotechnology. In addition to it, the introduction of genetic engineering can change the crops’ traits. Thus crops can be made resistant to insects and herbicides.
Transgenic crops should be grown on commercial scale. Soyabean, maize, cotton, rape seed, and potato etc. are useful transgenic crops. At present , the future belongs to transgenic crops. Genetic engineering has revolutionized this field. The use of transgenic crops is spreading across the globe, undoubtedly there are some risks in genetic engineering. But in comparison of commercial gain these risks are not heavy. So progressive countries are following commercialization of transgenic crops. So India needs second green revolution urgently.
Much of the success was caused by the combination of high rates of investment in crop research, infrastructure, and market development and appropriate policy support that took place during the first Green Revolution (GR). I distinguish the first GR period as 1966 1985 and the post-GR period as the next two decades. Large public investment in crop genetic improvement built on the scientific advances already made in the developed world for the major staple crops wheat, rice, and maize and adapted those advances to the conditions of developing countries ( 2 ).
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