Musical Instruments Various types of instruments are used to produce music. Some of these date back to the earliest civilizations  and but are still used today, the flute and conch shell are examples. Musical instruments with strings are called string instruments, these include Guitars, Violins, Cello etc. We have a lot of instruments where sound is produced with the help of wind, these are called Woodwind instruments, like the Flute, Oboe,...

Singing & Opera During the middle ages Priests and Monks sang holy songs as they wandered preaching religion. The capability in human beings to be able to modulate their voice has inspired many song writers and composers. Many men and women can sing at very high pitches while others are capable of producing deep and rich sounds. It was in the 17th century that opera originated in Italy and spread to...

Music We express our thoughts and Feelings through music. Music is made by musicians who organise various sounds and blend rhythm, harmony and melody in a pattern which makes it pleasing to hear. It is possible that prehistoric people may have chanted sounds to make music but some of the most, ancient, musical instruments were flutes, pipes and lutes which were played by the Sumerians. Today composers write music by using...

First Aid There are medical emergencies when very quick medical help is required e.g. a person may have drowned in the swimming pool and swallowed a lot of water, in such a case immediate help is required since it would be too late by the time the doctor arrived. The rapid treatment provided, in this case by the Life-guard, which would include mouth to mouth resuscitation, is called First Aid. In...

The Chemist Once a doctor has diagnosed a patient’s illness, he writes out a prescription. The prescription has the names of the medicines the patient has to consume and the frequency at which they are to be taken. With the prescription a patient visits a Chemist. A Chemist is a person who stocks all kinds of medicines, drugs and injections besides other items. The chemist takes out the medicines required by...

The Optician The structure of our eye is such that we can see clearly only if the lens within our eye bends light to a correct angle so that a clear image is formed on the retina. Persons may suffer from long sightedness, in which the light gets focused behind the retina, or short sightedness in which light gets focus before it reaches the retina. To correct this condition and allow...

The Dentist A good diet and regular brushing helps us maintain healthy teeth. But there are occasions when we need the help of a doctor. A doctor who treats problems relating to teeth and gums is called a ‘Dentist’. Since we cannot see into all the nooks and corners of our teeth and there are places where even the bristles of our tooth brush can’t reach, the bacteria in our mouth...

Hospitals In the 19th century hospitals were unclean and unhealthy places used more for confining patients with infectious diseases. Today a hospital is generally housed in a large building and is staffed with Doctors, Nurses and operating staff. Like other big establishments, hospitals also have separate departments which would include an X-ray department, a pathological laboratory, operation  theatres, intensive care units, emergency and casualty departments, catering department etc. Besides these are...