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Paragraph on “The Greek Civilisation” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

The Greek Civilisation

In 1400 B.C. most of the Greek mainland was dominated by the Mycenaean civilisation and it was not till 1000 B.C. that Greek speaking people began arriving in Greece to establish the first city states. About 2500 years ago the Greeks set up a culture which left its influence over the years to come. The adaptations of Greek plays are still performed today, the designs of Greek architects are still copied, the thoughts of the Greek philosophers like Socrates are still discussed, not to mention the first democracy set up by the Greeks. Some of the great Greek leaders included Pericles who built the Parthenon and Acropolis in Athens.

Over the years Athens became the finest city with the finest writers, artists, sculptors and thinkers. The Greeks rose to their peak during 600 B.C. and 300 B.C. when Greece was made up of various independent city-states, with the biggest and best being Athens. The people of Athens had a powerful fleet of over 150 ships which were successfully used in wars like those against the Persians in 480 B.C. The second largest city-state in Greece was Sparta. The Spartans were known to be fierce and tough soldiers. Theatre and drama was born in Greece. Initially it began as a religious festival, comprising of singing and dancing, in honour of the Greek god Dionysus. Later playwrights like Aristophanes and Sophocles began to write comedies and tragedies. These were performed in open air on a stage with the audience seated in front on tiered seats in a semi-circle. Over the years the Greeks fought and won many battles and conquered areas in the Middle East and Africa. In 336 B.C. when Philip-II the king of Macedonia was murdered, he was succeeded by his son Alexander who with the help of a powerful army, spread his empire across Persia upto the western border of India. After Alexander’s death the Greeks got divided and the empire fell.

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