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Essay, Paragraph or Speech on “Terrorist Attack on Mumbai 26/11” Complete Essay, Speech for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Terrorist Attack on Mumbai 26/11

The 26 November, 2008 Mumbai attacks were a series of ten coordinated terrorist attacks across Mumbai, India’s financial capital and its largest city. The attacks, carried out by Pakistani terrorists using automatic weapons and grenades began on 26 November 2008 and ended on 29 November 2008. At least 173 people were killed and at least 308 were injured in the attacks.

Eight of the attacks occurred in South Mumbai, at Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the Oberoi Trident, the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, Leopold Cafe, Cama Hospital, the Orthodox Jewish-owned Nariman House, the Metro Cin-ema, and a lane behind the Times of India building behind St. Xavier’s Col-lege. There was also an explosion at the Mazagaon docks in Mumbai’s port area, and a taxi blast at Vile Parle.

By the early morning of 28 November, all sites except for the Taj Mahal Palace had been secured by Mumbai Police and security forces. An action by India’s National Security Guards (NSG) on 29 November resulted in the conclusion of the Taj Mahal Palace encounter, ending all fighting in the attacks.

Ajmal Amir Kasab, the only terrorist who was captured alive, disclosed that the attackers were members of Lashkar-e-Toiba, the Pakistan-based militant organization, considered a terrorist organization by India, the United States, and the United Kingdom, among others. The Indian Government said that the attackers came from Pakistan, and their controllers were in Pakistan. The attacks drew widespread condemnation across the world.

Ten terrorists took part in the attacks, nine of whom were subsequently shot dead by security forces. They looked young, in their early twenties, and wore T-shirts, black shirts, and jeans. Some witnesses have even said that they smiled and looked happy as they shot their victims.

The ten attackers and their home towns in Pakistan were identified by Mumbai police: Ajmal Amir from Faridkot, Abu Ismail Dera Ismail Khan from Dera Ismail Khan, Hafiz Arshad and Babr Imran from Multan, Javed from Okara, Shoaib from Narowal, Nazih and Nasr from Faisalabad, Abdul Rahman from Arifwalla, and Fahad Ullah from Dipalpur Taluka. Dera Ismail Khan is in the North-West Frontier Province, the rest of the towns are in Pakistani Punjab.

The attackers travelled by sea from Karachi, Pakistan, across the Ara-bian Sea to Mumbai. They entered via speed boats that were on board trawl-ers. The trawlers left Pakistan and stopped at Porbandar, India, before landing in Mumbai.

The first events were detailed around 20:00 1ST on 26 November, when 10 Urdu-speaking men in inflatable speedboats came ashore at two locations in Colaba. They reportedly told local Marathi-speaking fishermen to mind their business before they split up and headed two different ways; the fishermen’s subsequent report to police.

The Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus was attacked by two terrorists, one of whom, Ajmal Amir Kasab was later caught alive by the police. The attacks began here around 21:20, when two terrorists armed with AK-47 rifles en-tered the passenger hall, opened fire and threw grenades, killing at least ten people.

The Taj Hotel and the Oberoi Trident were the two hotels attacked, among the four locations targeted. Two terrorists held fifteen hostages, including seven foreigners, in the Taj Mahal hotel. A rescue team of 200 commandos flew into Mumbai from New Delhi to take charge of the Situation. CNN reported at 23:00 that the hostage situation at the Taj had been resolved and quoted the police chief of Maharashtra state as saying that all hostages were freed; however, it was later learned that there were still hostages in the hotel. Forty people were being held as hostages in the Oberoi Trident hotel. Six blasts were reported to have taken place at the Taj hotel and one at the Oberoi Trident. The Taj Mahal Hotel was reported to be completely under government control at 04:22 and Indian commandos killed two terrorists inside Oberoi hotel and took control of the building.

Both hotels were on fire and were surrounded by Rapid Action Force personnel and MARCOS and NSG commandos. Reports emerged of terror-ists receiving live feeds broadcast by television stations; feeds to the hotels were subsequently blocked. All terrorists were out of the Taj hotel, and police and firefighters were working to rescue the estimated 50 people trapped inside. Low-intensity blasts were reported in Vile Parle and a grenade attack in Santa Cruz. Two blasts were reported in the Nepean Sea Road, area of south Mumbai. Local Mumbai Suburban Railway trains on the Western Rail-way were running, whereas those of the Central Railway were suspended. More blasts were reported at the Oberoi as the siege continued. Meanwhile, police seized a boat filled with arms and explosives anchored at Mazgaon dock off Mumbai harbour.

Nariman House was a Jewish center in Mumbai that was attacked. Terrorists held several hostages at the Mumbai Chabad House (also known as Nariman House) in Colaba, owned by Chabad Lubavitch. It was reported in the early morning of 29 November that Rabbi Gavriel Holtzberg and his wife Rivkah Holtzberg, who was six months pregnant, were murdered with other hostages inside the house.

The army was reported to have secured one of the hotels, and eight hostages were freed at the Jewish outreach group. After two days of gunfire and explosions, the attack was incorrectly reported to have ceased as of the early morning of 28 November in Mumbai. The fires were out and soldiers were leading hostages and holed-up guests to safety and removing bodies of those killed in the attacks. Nariman House and the Oberoi Trident were cleared of hostages by Indian commandos. Later news reports indicated that there were still two or three terrorists in the Taj, with explosions heard and gunfire exchanged. Fires were also reported as having been caused at the ground floor of the Taj with plumes of smoke arising from the first floor. The final operation at the Taj Mahal Palace hotel was completed by the National Security Guards at 08:00 on 29 November, killing three terrorists and resulting inthe conclusion of the attacks. The security forces rescued 250 people in Oberoi, 300 in Taj and 12 families of 60 people in Nariman House.

The terrorists had planned the attack several months ahead of time and knew some areas well enough to “vanish” and reappear after security forces had left. Several sources have quoted Kasav telling the police that the group received help from local Mumbai residents. The terrorists used at least three SIM cards purchased on the Indian side of the border with Bangladesh, point-ing to some local collusion. There are also reports of one SIM card purchased in New Jersey, USA. Police have also mentioned that Faheem Ansari, an Indian Lashkar operative who has been arrested in February 2008, has scouted the Mumbai targets for the November attacks. Later, the police arrested two Indian suspects, Tausif Rehman and Mikhtar Ahmad, who is from Srinagar in Kashmir. They supplied the SIM cards, one in Calcutta, and the other in New Delhi.

Blood tests on the terrorists indicate that they consumed cocaine and LSD during the attacks, to sustain their energy and stay awake for 50 hours. Police says that they found syringes on the scenes of the attacks. There were also indications that they had been consuming steroids. At least 164 people (civilians and security personnel) were killed in the attacks. Among the dead were 30 foreign nationals from 10 countries. In addition, nine terrorists were killed and one was captured.

The bodies of many of the dead hostages showed signs of torture or disfigurement. A number of the casualties were notable figures in business, media, and security services. Hundreds of people packed the quiet side street in central Mumbai (Bombay) to pay tribute to anti-terrorism chief Hemant Karkare, who was killed in the attacks. Mr Karkare’s body had been laid in front of his residence for people to pay their respects before his funeral. The head of the city’s Anti-Terrorist Squad (ATS) was one of several top officers who lost their lives in the attacks which began on 26 November. As civilians, politicians and police personnel of all ranks came to pay tribute to one of the most popular members of the force, the mood was solemn. His family were visibly upset as they watched people line up to offer flowers. Many of them watched his body being taken out for the funeral procession with tearful eyes before following behind. He was cremated with full state honours.

The Government of Maharashtra announced Rs. 5 lakh compensation to the kin of those killed in the terror attacks and Rs. 50,000 to the seriously injured. International reaction for the attacks was widespread, with many countries and international organizations condemning the attacks and expressing their condolences to the civilian victims.Many important personalities around the world have very strongly condemned the attacks.

In an address to the nation, Prime Minister Singh said the group that carried out the attacks “was based outside the country” and warned its neighbors “that the use of their territory for launching attacks on us will not be tolerated.” Ruling out the possibility of a war with India in the wake of heightened tensions, Pakistan Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani alleged the Indian government was trying to find a “scapegoat” to cover up for the intelligence failure behind the Mumbai terror attacks. “My assessment is that there will not

Be a war,” he told reporters in Lahore. However, he said the government and armed forces of Pakistan were prepared for all eventualities in the face of mounting tensions between the two countries. “We are responsible nation and we are assessing the situation. The armed forces of Pakistan are assessing the situation but I do not think there will be a war,” he said. “If they (India) try to indulge in any adventure of this kind, the people and institutions of Pakistan are united. “Gilani said there were indications that there was “great public pressure on the Indian government” in the wake of the Mumbai attacks. “We want good relation with all countries, we don’t want a war with anyone, “ he said.

Describing as ‘unhelpful’, Pakistan’s statements rejecting the proof of its link to the Mumbai attackers, Britain asked Islamabad to “cooperate fully” with India and “follow through” on actions against the perpetrators. In view of reports that the attacks were mounted from Pakistani soil, Britain has asked Pakistan to cooperate with Indian investigation efforts and for both countries to work together. “We urge the Pakistani government to cooperate fully with the Indian investigation, it is important that action is taken against those responsible,” he said. The spokesman said the UK is “encouraging all concerned to avoid inflammatory words or actions,” besides looking to Pakistan “to follow through on actions against the Mumbai perpetrators”.

The US has endorsed the evidence gathered by Indian agencies about the complicity of Pakistan’s state actors in the terrorist attack on Mumbai, in what can result in stepped up international pressure on the Zardari regime to take action against the mentors of Lashkar-e-Taiba. Top US intelligence official John Michel McConell is learnt to have expressed complete satisfaction with the strength of India’s case against Pakistan, based on FBI’s examination of call records of satellite and cellular phones used by Mumbai attackers and their Pakistan-based handlers.

McConell, along with FBI officials who have been camping in India in connection with the probe into 26/11, has held meetings with home minister P Chidambaram, national security advisor M K Narayanan and senior Indian intelligence officials. Indian experience with the US intelligence agencies has so far not been satisfactory, with the latter winking at evidence against Pakistan because of its dependence on Islamabad for success in Afghanistan. Indian agencies, however, feel that the response could be different this time because of the fact that Mumbai casualties included US nationals. The FBI is mandated to take the probe to the logical culmination, which will include charging the names of Lashkar leaders and their collaborators in ISI that come up in the probe.

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