Renaissance Europe was going through a gradual transformation in the 15th century. There were a lot of educated people in Italy who rediscovered the findings of the Ancient Greeks and Romans, they contradicted some and developed on others. This age of awakening was called Renaissance and it produced some of the greatest thinkers of all times and led them to make the discoveries on which modern science is based. In this...

Reformation During the 14th and 15th centuries a lot of corrupt practices had crept into the Catholic Church in Europe. In the year 1517 a monk called Martin Luther made a list of the wrong practices and nailed it to the door of a church in Wittenberg. As a result of his action, he was expelled from the Catholic order. In the years that followed, Martin Luther set up his own...

Religions Religions are the beliefs that explain what we don’t know about unexplained occurrences or happenings. Most religions lead us to believe in one God, while others believe in many Gods. Religions also provide us the insight into what is right and what is wrong. One of the first religions of the world was called Animism and it believed that there was a spirit of God in everything. Today the leading...

The Crusades For a long time the city of Jerusalem was under the control of the Turkish Muslims. Close to the end of the 11th century A.D. the Pope asked the Christians to recapture the holy city from the Turkish Muslims. This was the beginning of the holy wars called the Crusades. In 1096 a large number of European people, including Kings, Princes, Knights, Peasants and Pilgrims left Europe towards the...

Christianity   The followers of Jesus Christ are known as Christians. Jesus Christ lived about 2000 years ago in the land which is now called Israel. He was a prophet and a teacher. Christians believe that he was the son of God who had come to Earth to save people from sinning. Jesus was killed by his enemies but his followers believe that he was resurrected and he joined his father...

The Mongol Empire In the early part of the twelfth century there were many small nomadic tribes scattered all over Central Asia. In the later part of this century, one of the most powerful chiefs’ of these tribes called Gengis Khan brought all the other tribes under his control and and laid the foundation of the Mongol empire. The Mongolians were tough fighters and in battle they mostly rode on horseback...

The North American Indians More than 20,000 years ago the first inhabitants of North America arrived there from Asia these people were called The North American Indians. The Indians mostly led a nomadic life, they hunted animals and used the meat for food. They lived in tents, called Tepees, which were made from buffalo skins stretched over wooden poles. There were various Indian tribes which included Comanche, Apache, Cheyenne, Sioux etc....

The Incas and Aztecs The Incas were American Indians who settled in the Cuzco valley, on the western coast of South America. By the year 1525 their empire extended for more than 3000 km along the western coast. The population lived off farming on terraces built on the mountain sides. The Incas were expert builders and they built the famous city of Machu Pichu. They were also good weavers and wove...