Altering Temperature Materials Required: Three thermometers A refrigerator Strings People know the usage of a refrigerator, but no one pays attention to the way, in which it functions. We know that it contains air inside it, but we don’t know where the air goes. It actually moves out into the room. The refrigerator runs on electricity. There are special tubes inside it, which are known as ‘refrigerants’, which contain fluids that...

Absorbing Heat Materials Required: Two same-sized, clear drinking glasses An ice-cream soda A cola A table by a sunny window Two same-sized ice cubes A dark room Say you take two glasses at a birthday party and fill one with a cola and the other with plain ice-cream soda. Now you put an ice cube in each of the glasses. Which one, according to you, should melt first? Heat energy is...

Sheltered From Heat Materials Required: A thermometer A large shady tree Pencil and paper Heat energy received from the sun is mostly beneficial, for many reasons. However, there are also cases where the sun’s warmth and heat can cause a lot of problems to its end users. In winter, everyone loves to bask in the sunlight, but when the same amount of sun comes in through your window in summer, you...

Understanding Constellations Materials Required: Pencil and paper Some newspapers A Xerox machine A few helpers The ancient Greeks would group stars together into patterns, so that they could keep a track of how many stars there were in the sky. These patterns were later known as Constellations and are still in use by modern astronomy. These constellations were also given names, based on the kind of shapes that they formed. Similarly,...

Surface of The Moon Materials Required: Two large bowls Wax paper Adhesive tape Flour Water Strips of newspaper Modelling clay A flat stick A toothpick Moon does not have an atmosphere of its own. Due to the absence of air or water on the moon, there is obviously no weather or erosion on the moon. Consequently, the surface of the moon differs considerably from the surface of the earth. Create a...

Star Gazing Materials Required: Moonless night Large Jars A large bag of beans Pencil and paper Many centuries ago, before the invention of telescope, the naked eye was the only tool used to study night sky. How many stars can you see without the use of any equipment? On a clear night, take some friends and go out under the sky. You can carry some blankets, big jars and beans. The...

Studying Saturn’s Rings Materials Required: Softball Adhesive tape Crayons or marking pens Stiff paper Modelling clay A large room Basketballs Ball of string Paper-towel Tubes Magnetic compass Five chairs Clocks A friend Protractor While there is many planets which have rings around them, the most popular ones are obviously those of Saturn. These rings are more or less made up of infinite ice-crystals and ice-covered particles. The sizes of these structures...

Shooting Stars Materials Required: A clear dark night, on one of the evening, provided in the chart A bag of dry navy beans A bowl A watch People generally refer to them as falling stars or shooting stars, but the proper term to be used for them are ” Meteors”. A Meteor is a substance, probably a piece of rock or ice that has been travelling in space for quite sometime...