Social Reforms in India Social means ‘pertaining to life in an organized community’, and Reform means ‘to transform or to amend’. Thus, social reforms imply amending the ills pertaining to life which are prevalent in the community. India possesses tremendous contrasts and enormous ethnic, linguistic and cultural diversity. Race, language, status and class are the main reasons of social inequality and discrimination. Indian intellectuals have seized upon caste divisions, untouchability, religious...

Kashmir: Indo – Pak Relations The present conflict and consequent tense relations between India and Pakistan over Kashmir started in 1947 when the British left. The partition of India is not only a turning point in the history of the Indian subcontinent, but a signal event in world history as well. Preceding partition, India was directly under Crown rule. The British in order to perpetuate their rule had divided the Indian...

National Integration – The Indian Perspective Integration is ‘unification into a whole of all the diverse elements in a community’. National integration thus implies unification of the diverse populace of the country. India is a secular country of rich cultural heritage with diverse races, religions, languages, castes, customs and traditions. Despite this diversity, India has always had a basic unity and distinctive identity. A major challenge was faced soon after independence...

Electronic Warfare For decades, electronic warfare has been a separate subject from computer security, even though they have some common technologies (such as cryptography). This is starting to change as elements of the two disciplines fuse to form the new subject of information warfare. The military’s embrace of information warfare as a slogan over the last years of the twentieth century has established its importance—even if its concepts, theory, and doctrine...

Bio – Technology Early man was a food gatherer, depending on nature for all his needs. He gradually moved on to being a food grower with the discovery of agriculture, and settled down in one place, learning to live in a group. This was the beginning of civilization as we know it today. Early knowledge of agriculture was an accumulation of experiences that were passed on from father to son. Some...

The Fear of A Nuclear War The possibility of using nuclear weapons in war is usually divided into two subgroups, each with different effects and potentially fought with different types of nuclear armaments. The first, a limited nuclear war (sometimes attack or exchange), refers to a small-scale use of nuclear weapons by one or more parties. A “limited nuclear war” would most likely consist of a limited exchange between two nuclear...