China Today Outlines: China’s Premier has called upon the lawmakers of the country to rekindle Beijing’s continued war on corrupt officials, branding graft a shameful abuse of public trust and a “matter of life and death for China”. Addressing the opening session of the 8th National People’s Congress, he said in an emotional appeal: “The power in our hands is given by the people and it must not be misused. We...

Collapse Of Communism  Outlines: The collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and in the Soviet Union, and the consequent political disintegration of the latter must rank as the greatest upheaval the world has experienced in the second half of the 20th century. So sudden and swift was this collapse, that even the most astute political observers and intelligence agencies were caught by surprise. And it happened without any profound cause, like...

Shape of Human Rights in The Indian Subcontinent Outlines : Nations of South Asia have commonly suffered under centuries of exploitation, of man by man, to such an extent that the society has come to terms with human suffering. The archaic laws of the former rulers, the fragile democracy and repressive regimes, all added to the woes of the people. Despite constitutional guarantees, only a negligible number of complaints reach the...

The Processes and Precedents of U.N. Peacekeeping Outlines: It is one thing to maintain peace between two sovereign States and a totally different thing to get involved in a civil war situation, as has happened in the case of Somalia or Bosnia. One may go back a little to 1962 when a serious situation arose between Indonesia and the Netherlands, in regard to a former Dutch colony in South-East Asia called...

The Concept of World Government Outlines: The concept of the world government has been particularly urgent since the end of World War II. It was felt, during the war itself, that war as a means of solving international disputes had become unnecessary and out of date. The nation state system of solving international disputes was said to have been rendered obsolete by the social, economic, and technological interdependence of nations on...

Climate Protection and United Nations Outlines: The  United Nations has approved, by consensus, a deal setting up a procedure reduce emissions of climate-altering gases into the next century, but it set no specific targets. The document set up a two-year negotiating process to elaborate policies and measures and set ‘quantified limitation and reduction objectives within specific time-frames’ for emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2). But the mandate for...

Global Poverty Outlines : The U.N. Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros Ghali, has called for new thinking on development as “the greatest intellectual challenge of the coming years.” The world’s developmental achievements far outstrip its knowledge of the process, he said, ‘We lack adequate understanding of the complex, multidimensional process that has led to the rapid development of Japan, the Asian Tigers, and most recently, China. These achievements are largely the result of...