Paragraph on “Can we split Atoms?” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

Can we split Atoms?

Ordinary chemical changes like burning and rusting do not alter the nuclei of the atoms. However, the nucleus of an atom is not solid. It is made up of even smaller particles called `protons’ and ‘neutrons’.

Normally a nucleus cannot be broken up. However, some substances have atoms with very large nuclei made up of hundreds of neutrons and protons. Some of these nuclei are unstable and can be broken up. One substance like this is called Uranium-235. If a stray neutron hits the nucleus of a Uranium-235 atom it may break into two parts. At the same time it shoots out more neutrons and gives out energy. If there are more unstable atoms nearby the fresh neutrons may split them too. This ‘chain reaction’ gives out a tremendous amount of energy. It is used in atomic power stations and for bombs.

Atoms and molecules are so tiny and complex that the pictures here show them to be simpler than they really are — but now you know a little about them.