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Paragraph on “Bicycles” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

Bicycles The beginning of the bicycle goes back to the year 1817 when a German called Baron von Drais invented a machine called the ‘Draisine’. This machine had two wheels connected by a wooden bar. The rider sat on the wooden bar and propelled himself by pushing himself forward with his feet. The changing of direction or steering was done with the help of a handle in the front. Around the...
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Paragraph on “Refrigeration” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

Refrigeration Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from substances and keeping things cold. Though a relatively modern technique, the ancients knew ways of extracting heat from water and making it cool. They knew that if chemicals like ammonium nitrate and saltpeter were added to water, it would make it cool by lowering the temperature. Besides this the earliest method of refrigeration was by using ice or snow. Today the process...
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Paragraph on “Furniture” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

Furniture   The first known furniture is said to have existed in the Egyptian civilisation about 4000 years ago, though it might have existed in some crude form prior to that. The Egyptians arc said to have used chairs, tables, stools, chests, beds etc. The Assyrians and Babylonians are also said to have had elaborate furniture including high backed chairs and foot stools. In comparison the Greek used much simpler furniture...
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Paragraph on “Sewing Machine” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

Sewing Machine The first sewing machine was patented by a man called Thomas Saint, an Englishman, in 1790. The machine was capable of stitching leather like a modern day machine. However this machine was not produced or marketed. In 1830 a Frenchman called Barthelemy Thimmonier was successful in making a sewing machine which resembled the one we use today. When the manufacturing of this machine began, a large number of tailoring...
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Paragraph on “Microscope” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

Microscope The microscope derives it’s name from the two Greek words `Mikros’ meaning small and `Skopos’ meaning watcher. This aptly defines the purpose of a microscope i.e. to observe small things. The microscope was invented sometime between 1585 and 1610 and though the credit of it’s invention, is given to Galileo, it is also said that a man called Leeuwenhoek may have invented it. The microscope consists of a series of...
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Paragraph on “Thermometer” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

Thermometer   We often ask ourselves or someone, how hot or how cold it is. The answer to this simple question would not have been possible without the thermometer. In 1592 Galileo made a device which could measure temperature, it was a crude version of the modern thermometer and was called an ‘air thermoscope’. This device had a glass tube open at one end and a glass bulb at the other....
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Paragraph on “Compass” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

Compass A magnetic needle balanced on a pivot is the simplest form of a magnetic compass. Since this needle is free to swing in any direction, it would on it’s own move and point to the Earth’s magnetic pole in the north. This is immensely helpful in finding one’s direction since all land and water areas are charted on this basis. The Chinese were among the first people to use the...
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