Paragraph on “The Mongol Empire” complete paragraph for Class 9, Class 10, Class 11 and Class 12

The Mongol Empire

In the early part of the twelfth century there were many small nomadic tribes scattered all over Central Asia. In the later part of this century, one of the most powerful chiefs’ of these tribes called Gengis Khan brought all the other tribes under his control and and laid the foundation of the Mongol empire. The Mongolians were tough fighters and in battle they mostly rode on horseback and controlled their horses with their feet thus allowing them to use their hands for shooting arrows or fighting with swords. Their bows were powerful and made of horn and wood while the arrows had tips which were capable of piercing armour. In the hands of expert Mongolian archers these were a deadly combination. The Mongolians were trained in the art of fighting on plain land but they were incapable of attacking fortified towns. They soon learned the skill of doing so from the Chinese soldiers they captured in battles.

The Mongols used a lot of new things in battles for the first time. They made bombs with the help of gunpowder and used smoke screens during battles. The military operations of the Mongols were minutely planned and executed with speed. They relied on sheer surprise and terror and wherever they went they looted and burnt any thing that came in their paths. In 1213 they broke through the great wall of China and captured Peking. When Gengis Khan died in 1227, his empire extended from the Black sea to modern day Korea and in the south upto the Middle East and the Himalayas. After his death the empire was divided into four parts or `Khanates’ called The Khanate of Jagatai, The Khanate of Hulagu, The Khanate of Kublai Khan and The Khanate of the Golden Horde, which were ruled by four different rulers. The Mongolians were basically nomads who wandered on their land with their cattle, sheep and goats. They lived in round tents called ‘Yurts’ which are still used by the Mongols.