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Robert Browning

(1812 1889)

Robert Browning was an English poet, noted for his mastery of dramatic monologue. Browning was long unsuccessful as a poet, but finally became a great Victorian poet. Robert Browning was born in London as the son of Robert Browning, a wealthy clerk in the Bank of England, and Sarah Anna Wiedemann, of German-Scottish origin. He received scant formal education, but had access to his father’s large (6,000 vols) library. In his teens, Browning discovered Shelley, adopting the author’s confessionalism in poetry. Browning wrote his first poems under the influence of Shelley, who also inspired him to adopt atheist principles for a time. At the age of 16 he began to study at the nev.ly established London University, returning home after a brief period.

In 1833, Browning published anonymously Pauline: A Fragment Of A Confession. Browning’s early works attracted little attention until the publication of Paracelsus (1835), which deals with the life of the Swiss alchemist. From 1837 to 1846 he met Carlyle, Dickens, and Tennyson, and formed several important friendships. Between 1841 and 1846 Browning works appeared under the title Bells And Pomegranates, which contains several of his best-known lyrics, such as How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix, and Pippa Passes (1841).Among his earlier works is Sordello (1840). In 1846 Browning married the poeters Elizabeth Barrett (1806- 1861.When Elizabeth died in 1861, he moved to London with his son. There he wrote his greatest work, The Ring And The Book (1869), based on the proceedings of a murder trial in Rome in 1698. It consists of 10 verse narratives, all dealing with the same crime, each from a distinct viewpoint. Browning made poetry compete with prose, and uses idioms of ordinary speech in his text. A typical Browning poem tells of a key moment in the life of a prince, priest or painter of the Italian Renaissance. In the 1850s and 1860s Browning’s reputation began to revive. 1855 saw the appearance of the masterpiece of his middle period, Men And Women. With Dramatis Personae (1864) and The Ring and the Book he was back in the literary scene. In the 1870s Browning published several works, including The Inn Album (1875), a. dramatic poem in which two couples use the visitors’ book to convey messages, and a translation of Aeschylus’ Agamemnon. Browning Society was founded in 1881 as an indication of the poet’s status as a sage and celebrity.

Robert Browning died in his son’s house in Venice, on December 12, 1889. Various difficulties made the poet’s requested burial in Florence impossible, and his body was returned to England to be interred in Westminster Abbey.