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Aldous Huxley

(1894 – 1963)

Aldous Huxley was the English novelist and critic, best known for his dystopian novel Brave New World (1931). Besides novels, he published travel books, histories, poems, plays, and essays on philosophy, arts, sociology, religion and morals. Aldous Huxley was born in Godalming, Surrey on July 26, 1894, into a well-to-do upper-middle-class family He first studied at Eton College, Berkshire (1908 -1913). At the age of 16, Huxley suffered an attack of keratitis punctata and became totally blind for a period of about 18 months. By using special glasses and one eye recovered sufficiently he was able to read and he also learned Braille. Despite a condition of near-blindness, Huxley continued his studies at Balliol College, Oxford (1913-1915), receiving his B.A. in English in 1916. Unable to pursue his chosen career as a scientist – or tight in World War on the front – Huxley turned to writing. His first collection of poetry appeared in 1916 and two more volumes followed by 1920.

Huxley’s first novel, Crome Yellow (1921), a witty criticism of society, appeared in 1921. Huxley’s style, a combination of brilliant dialogue, cynicism, and social criticism, made him one of the most fashionable literary figures of the decade. In eight years, he published a dozen books, including Point Counter Paint (1928) and Do What You Will (1929). For most of the 1920s Huxley lived in Italy In the 1930s he moved to Sanary, near Toulon, where he wrote Brave New World, a dark vision of a highly technological society of the future. He moved in 1937 with the guru-figure Gerald Heard to the United States, believing that the Californian climate would help his eyesight. After this turning point in his life, Huxley abandoned pure fictional writing and chose the essay as the vehicle for expressing his ideas. Brave New World Revised appeared in 1958. Huxley’s other later works include The Devils Of Loudon (1952), depicting mass-hysteria and exorcism in the 17th-century France. Island (1962) was an utopian novel and a return to the territory of Brave New World, in which a journalist shipwrecks on Pala, the fabled island, and discovers there a kind and happy people. In 1963 appeared Literature And Science, a collection of essays.

In 1954 Huxley published an influential study of consciousness expansion through mescaline, The Doors Of Perception and became later a guru among Californian hippies. He also started to use LSD and showed interest in Hindu philosophy. In 1961 Huxley suffered a severe loss when his house and his papers were totally destroyed in a bush-fire. Huxley died in Los Angeles on November 22, 1963.