UPSC Civil Services Examination Syllabus of “Electrical Engineering” Preliminary and Mains Exam.

Syllabus of Electrical Engineering 

Paper-1

1. Circuit Theory:

Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods: nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phase circuits; Two-port networks.

2. Signals & Systems: Representation ofcontinuous—time and discrete-time signals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signals through discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory: Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media. Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmission line: travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.

4. Analog Electronics: Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and smal I-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits: clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current minor; Amplifiers: single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysis of amplifiers; frequencyresponse of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters; sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMP onfigurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear and switching power supplies.

5. Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multi-vibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmable devices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

6. Energy Conversion: Principles of electromechanical energy conversion: Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines: characteristics and performance analysis; starting and speed control of motors; Transformers: principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phase transformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines: characteristics and performance analysis; speed control.

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives: Semiconductor power devices: diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET—static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters: fully-controlled and halfcontrolled; principles of thyristor choppers and inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts of speed control of DC and AC Motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.

8. Analog Communication: Random variables: continuo’.:. discrete; probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models; Random signals and noise: white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signal transmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation: Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators and Demodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals; narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis, Preemphasis. c modulation system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AM receivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSB receiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

Paper-2

1. Control Systems:

Elements of control systems; block-diagram representation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems: time-domain and transform-domain analysis. Stability Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bodeplots and polar plots, Nyquist’s creation; Desing of Leadlad compensators. Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysis of control system.

2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers:

Pc organisation; CPU, instruction set, register set, timing diagram, programming interrupts, memory interfacing, I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

3. Measurement and Instrumentation: Error analysis; measurement of current, voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Signal conditioning circuit; Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer, distortionmeter. Transducers: thermocouple, therm istor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo-electric crystal.

4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control: Steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactive power transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction; unsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability: economic operation; symmetrical components analysis of symmetrical and  unsymmentrical faults. concept of system stability : swing curves and equal area criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.

5.Power System Protection: criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concept equal area relays. Circuit breakers. Principles of over current differential and distance protection. Concept of solid state relays. Circuit Breakers.

Computer aided protection: Introduction. line bus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSP ;o protection.

6. Digital Communication: Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), delta  Modulation (DM), Digital modulation and domodulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASL, PSK, FSK).

Error Control  Coding: Error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolution codes. Information measures and source coding. Data networks, 7-layer architecture.