Science Project on “Human Migration”, Project Experiment Topics on Environmental Science for Class 8, 9, 10 and 12 Students.

Human Migration

Materials Required:

1. Paper and pencil
2. A two-way street
3. An adult in high traffic areas

Animals migrate from cold places to warmer climate. If you live in the north, you will notice that birds fly south for the winter and come back in the spring, when the weather warms up.

In the mountains, some animals come down to the valley in the winter for food and go back up in the summer.

We will carry out an activity to see how many people move about in a day. Stand on a busy street way and make a note of how many cars pass by.

You can do this for fifteen minutes on your way to school every morning and again in the evening.

Draw one line each for a moving car and strike a line across four cars, making it a group of five.

Do you think the number of people who go by your in the morning, go back the way in the evening?

Keep a count of the moving cars for five days, starting from Monday to Friday. What’s the number count of the cars, if you observe on a weekend?

You can try counting at different times of the day and perhaps for half an hour, instead of fifteen minutes. Are there any gathering spots near your house, which could affect the flow of the cars, for example a cinema hall, shopping mall or school?

AUTOMOBILES

The first cars were developed in the 18th century with steam engines. Modern day cars have internal combustion engines which comprise of a number of air tight chambers in which a series of flat topped pistons are located.

The lower end of these pistons is connected to a shaft which allows them to move up or down within the cylinder. A mixture of petrol and air is sprayed into the cylinder, as the piston moves upwards, it compresses the air and it is ignited by a spark plug.

This results in an explosion within the cylinder which pushes the piston downwards thus moving the shaft underneath. The lower shaft called the Crank Shaft, is so shaped that while one piston is pushed down, another one gets pushed up.

A similar explosion takes place in this chamber thus pushing this piston down. A cycle of these produces motion. The shaft is connected to wheels which move the vehicle.

Speed is controlled with an accelerator pedal under the driver’s foot and transmission of speed through a series of gears in the gear box.